A Guide to Slavic Mythology

written by Rudy Nusz

Briefly about the infamous Slavic mythology

Last Updated

02/09/23

Chapters

16

Reads

508

Świętowit

Chapter 12

Świętowit - written in Latin chronicles as Svantevith, and incorrectly translated by Joachim Lelewel as Światowid, was the most important god of the Polabian Slavs - Rans, inhabiting the city of Arkona on the island of Rügen. Belief in this god is confirmed only in those areas. A lot of detailed information about him can be found in the chronicle of Saxo Gramatyk "Gesta Danorum", as well as in "Chronica Slavorum" by Helmond of Bozów. Thus, Świętowit is a powerful lord with magical powers - it can be presumed that he is the highest of the Slavic gods, the superior over other deities. This characteristic name harmonizes well with others appearing in the local language area (Jarowit, Rujewit, Siemowit). During the spread of Christianity in the Slavic region, the cult of Świętowit was so strong that it was difficult to refute it, so church thinkers preached the thesis that the Połabianie had converted to Christianity much earlier and Świętowit was none other than Saint Wit himself. The cult of Świętowit, as already mentioned, has been thoroughly certified and described by chroniclers. In the center of Arkona there was a temple of Świętowit, which was covered with bas-reliefs from the outside. Inside, however, you could find a magnificent statue in the shape of a pole (axis mundi - axis of the world) depicting a figure with four faces and characteristic attributes - a honey horn, an intricately made and richly decorated sword and a white horse. Only the priest was allowed to enter the temple, and he had to hold his breath so as not to contaminate the divinity of the place with his breath. The temple of Świętowit was "subordinated" to a unit of three hundred horsemen, probably to protect the treasures gathered in the place of worship, as as much as one third of the war trophies was given to the god. The believers themselves also made sacrifices to Świętowit, so you can imagine how many goods were collected in that place.


świętowit posąg

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