Brief history and essential laws:

 In ancient times magic was practiced more openly and freely than it is today. In Ancient Greece and Egypt witches and wizards were held in high regard. Magic was used to protect tombs and today curse braking.

The ollivander family has been making wands since 382BC. While other wands were made before this, the ollivander family is one of the first and lingered to have practiced the craft.

beginning around 1000CE the Wizarding world began separating from muggles. From 1000-1400CE (approximately) it was ruled by a council or warlocks. In the 1400s various magical governments where established based on ethic,cultural and location. We see this today with a separate ministry of magic in most countries

witches and wizards throughout the 1600s were persecuted through witch burnings. Thanks to flame-freezing charms this trial became ineffective. These charms can be cast on the flames burning the witch and the flames would then do nothing more than tickle her. The witch then pretended she was burning  and in agony. So that she was safe. This problem however culminated the introduction of the law international statue of secrecy in 1689. This completed the separation of the two worlds to keep magical and non-magical communities away from eachother. It did take a further 3 years after it was signed in 1689 before it was officially established by all governments internationally. 

over centuries magic became more legend to muggles now only shown in stories and fairy tales. And any encounter of magic they would dismiss as a hallucination or a wild dream. Most muggle stories are rooted in fact. Encounters that are too big to ignore the ministry will send in the Accidental Magic Reversal Squad to sort it out usually through memory modification. 

An important law that needs to be remembered is that anyone under the age of 17 falls within the quire likes of the 'decree for the reasonable restriction of underage sorcery' established in 1875. No student is allowed to practice magic outside of school. However there are some exceptions, like if your life Or the life of a fellow witch/wizard/muggle is at stake. Everyone under 17 is under trace. So any magic you perform out of hogwarts/diagonally/hogsmeade will be I'm immediately detected. 

The Descovery Of Wands

magic was not always formally taught or controlled. Primitive tools like crystals,crude wands made of little more than a hippogriff wing feather wrapped around a stick and metal rods all allowed some to exert a lever or control over their magic. Eventually the modern wand was created- this is most affective 

The Wand-Lighting and Wand-Extinguishing Charm

the first known use of this charm was in the 18th century. Magical historians credit Levina MonkStanley, a ministry of magic employee, for its invention. It was first demonstrated in 1772. 

it's uses far exceed simply lighting the tip of your wand: it provides:

-easy and endless source of amusement

-easy and safe way to vote

-and provide light

Casting The Charm

The Wand-Lighting Charm:

incantation: Lumos

wand movement: single counter-clockwise loop

willpower: low

Concentration:low

notes about spell: don't push your concentration or mental power or the tip of your wand will turn scarlet.  Too little and it will be a pearly white. You should aim for a nice light yellow. Circumstances may call for a weaker or stronger light. rhe flow of magical energy goes not need to be consciously maintained.  However if you let go of your want whilst the charm is in effect the light will go out. 

The Wand-Extunguishing Charm:

incantation: Nox

wand movement: flick of the wand

Willpower: none

 Concentration:none